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The term 'pityriasis' specifically relates to the excessive production and accumulation of skin cells. In dermatological contexts, it often refers to conditions where skin cells reproduce rapidly and are shed in excess, leading to flaking or scaling. This phenomenon is linked to various skin conditions, including dandruff, but it encompasses a broader range of disorders where the skin's normal shedding process is disrupted.

While severe dandruff is a manifestation of this excess skin cell turnover, pityriasis is a more expansive term that captures various related issues. Pityriasis can also describe other skin conditions characterized by flaky, scaly patches, such as pityriasis rosea.

The other options describe different conditions or symptoms: excessive hair loss relates to alopecia; inflammation of the scalp indicates an inflammatory response rather than a cellular accumulation; and severe dandruff, while a relevant symptom, is just one of the effects of the underlying pityriasis condition. Understanding the specific terminology helps in recognizing how skin conditions can vary in presentation and root causes.